Ten Commandments for Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Scientists

نویسندگان

  • Robert C. Francis
  • Mark A. Hixon
  • M. Elizabeth Clarke
  • Steven A. Murawski
  • Stephen Ralston
چکیده

In an effort to accelerate the ongoing paradigm shift in fi sheries science from the traditional single-species mindset toward more ecosystem-based approaches, we offer the following “commandments” as action items for bridging the gap between general principles and specifi c methodologies. 1. Keep a perspective that is holistic, risk-averse, and adaptive. 2. Question key assumptions, no matter how basic. 3. Maintain old-growth age structure in fi sh populations. 4. Characterize and maintain the natural spatial structure of fi sh stocks. 5. Characterize and maintain viable fi sh habitats. 6. Characterize and maintain ecosystem resilience. 7. Identify and maintain critical food web connections. 8. Account for ecosystem change through time. 9. Account for evolutionary change caused by fi shing. 10. Implement an approach that is integrated, interdisciplinary, and inclusive. Although the shift in worldview embodied in these commandments can occur immediately without additional funding, full implementation of ecosystem-based fi sheries science will require an expanded empirical basis as well as novel approaches to modeling. We believe that pursuing these action items is essential for productive marine fi sheries to become truly sustainable for present and future generations. Diez preceptos para científi cos pesqueros que aplican el enfoque ecosistémico RESUMEN: Tratando de acelerar el cambio entre los paradigmas de manejo pesquero de un enfoque convencional que considera la evaluación de una sola especie a otro que toma en cuenta a todo el ecosistema, nosotros proponemos los siguientes preceptos como elementos que contribuyan a tender un puente entre los principios generales y las metodologías específi cas de ambas posiciones: 1. Considerar una perspectiva hiolística, precautoria y adaptativa. 2. Examinar cuestiones clave, no importa que tan básicas sean. 3. Conservar las estructuras poblacionales de edad y crecimiento. 4. Caracterizar y conservar y la distribución espacial de los stocks. 5. Caracterizar y conservar los hábitats viables. 6. Conocer y conservar la resiliencia de los ecosistemas. 7. Identifi car y conservar las conexiones críticas del las tramas trófi cas. 8. Registrar temporalmente los cambios del ecosistema. 9. Registrar los cambios evolutivos causados por la pesca. 10. Proponer sistemas de manejo integrales, interdisciplinarios e incluyentes. Si bien el cambio general de perspectiva derivada de estos preceptos puede ocurrir inmediatamente, la implementación total del manejo pesquero a partir de un enfoque ecosistémico requiere ampliar la base empírica y el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas de modelación. Consideramos que el cumplir con los elementos enumerados anteriormente es fundamental para que las pesquerías marinas sean verdaderamente sustentables ales entre los temas e impactos de los torneos y se sugiere que los efectos de los torneos no varían entre las diferentes tipos de pesquería. Comparando estos resultados con un estudio previo se observa que la problemática y los benefi cios asociados al desarrollo de los torneos han cambiado de 1989 a la fecha; los temas sociales siguen siendo relevantes, pero los impactos biológicos se consideraron como de poca importancia. Las agencias reconocen que los torneos pueden mejorar el manejo de las pesquerías y el reclutamiento de los pescadores. Para la planeación de los futuros torneos debe considerarse un trabajo más integral. PERSPECTIVE: FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

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تاریخ انتشار 2007